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The euphonium is the same length as a trombone but tuba shaped. It is a lovely instrument, and gets great counter melodies in traditional brass bands, and occasional showings in classical music such as in Jupiter from Holst's Planets suite. This is a Boosey & Hawkes Imperial compensating four valve. 
The bass trumpet is the same length as a trombone but - well, trumpet shaped. They aren't very common. This one is a Conn 4B made in 1968 - they were only made to special order in the 1960's. It has a bore only slightly less than a small bore trombone (.485").
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A Rath R4F tenor trombone with F attachment. Yellow brass slide, gold brass bell. This is an 'orchestral' trombone - large bore (.547"), 8.5" bell. Trombone slides have to move very fast, and be airtight - the best, like this one, are hand made to very fine tolerances.
More popular in jazz are straight trmobones - without the valve - with a narrow bore and smaller bell, such as the Olds in the picture below. |
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Trombones come in different sizes! A Jupiter soprano trombone (pitched in Bb like a trumpet), a Mirafone alto in Eb, an Olds Recording tenor trombone (Bb) and an old fashioned, narrow bore small bell Boosey & Hawkes G Bass trombone - note the handle, as the slide is longer than an arm.
You do also get smaller trombones - sopranino in Eb above, and piccolo in Bb above that - but not often. Going bigger - the modern bass trombone, which is in Bb but has two valve attachments extending its range nearly an octave below the straight tenor. The contrabass trombone used to have a slide which went around twice, and be pitched in Bb below, allowing a normal length arm to operate it. The modern contrabass is in F with valves assisting the slide. |
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